Oil composition



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proved oil composition which can be used for densation Patented Feb. 15, 1927.

ordinary and at high temperatures, as Well -or-sludgeilil5e ingredients. So also when "lubricating oils arefid 'undefair pr sfiires trons;are'condensatlon'"products"of ketones 1,617,826 earner caries...

ALBERT A. SOMERVILLE, OF FLUSHING, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF TWO-THIRDS TO R. 'I. VAITDERIBILT COMPANY, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORA: TION OF NEW YORK. V

oIL GOMJPOSITION.

No Drawing. Application filed June 19, 1926. Serial Ila-117,203.

vent deterioration at high temperatures or under oxidizing conditions at lowertemperature.

In the ease of lubricating oil compositions, the lubricating oil may be the same as -.or similar to lubricating oils now commonly used at high temperatures, such as in gas engines and internal combustion engines, or suchas are used at lower temperatures under air pressure as in air compressors. The 1 OllS may vary from light lubricating oils to heavier lubricating oils. In general, these oils are hydrocarbon oils, although they may have small amounts of vegetable or animal orls compounded therewith.

In the case of transformer oils or cable saturating oils or greases, the oil or grease may be of the kind commonly used for such purposes with the stabilizing agent IClClQG thereto.

The stabilizing materials, which are added in small amounts to the oils or oil composi- This invention relates to improvements in petroleum oil compositions. More particu: larly, the invention includes improved petroleum oil compositions suitable for use at high temperatures or under exposure to the air, and having improved stability when so used. The new petroleum oil compositions are valuable for use for lubricating purposes both at as for use in transformers or oil switches, in cable'impregnation, or for other electrical purposes.

lVhen mineral oil lubricants aroused in internal combustion engines, the high temperature to which the oils are subjected resultsin more or less rapid deterioration with loss of lubricating properties, particularly where air comes in contact with the oils at the same time that they are subjected to heat and the oils undergo more or less decomposition, with the attendant formation of carbon withnitrogenous bases, such as ammonia and amines. In general, the compounds added should benon-volatile at the temperature at which the lubricating oil isto be used, and should also be stable in the sense that they are not decomposed into volatile as mair compressors, a great deal of trouble is often experienced due to the lubricating oil gumming after a few days use. Similarly, when hydrocarbon oils are used in, transformers or for cable impregnation, where the oil is subjected to an elevated temperature for prolonged periods of time, it undergoes or tends to undergo deterioration, particularly in its electrical properties, so that the oil would have to be removed and replaced at more or less frequent intervals, e. g., in transformers or in the saturating bath used for impregnating the wrappings of cables. r

The present invention provides an imture of use. The material should also be soluble in the oil to such an extent that it will form a homogeneous admixture therewith.

may be added directly to the oil, if readily soluble therein, or the dissolving of thestabilizing material maybe promoted by heating,or the material may be first dissolved in a solvent such as benzol, and the benzol solution then added to the oil, with subsequent heating of the composition to drive 01f the benzol. v The amount of the stabilizing material which it is necessary to add is small. In general, a few per cent at most will suflice, and as little of a fraction of a. per cent may be sutficient,'e. g., 0.5% to 1%. 1

The invention will be further illustrated .by the following specific examples, but it is intended and will be understood that the invention is illustrated thereby but is not limited thereto.

A lubricating oil composition such as is commonly used for the lubrication of auto-' prolonged periods of time as compared with ordinary oil compositions, and which-is stabilized so that 1t will resist deterioration during use at high temperatures. The improved oil compositions can also be used at ower temperatures where they are subjected during use to oxidation, with resulting-tendency toward deterioration, as where subjected to air pressure'in air compressors, etc. According to the present invention, the lubricating oil' or transformer oil or cable impregnating oil or grease, etc., has com-'- pounded therewith a small amount of a conroduct of a ketone w1th a mtrogenous 'ase, which condensatlon product serves as a stabilizing agent to retard or preor objectionable compounds at the tempera- 35 The stabilizing ingredients or ingredient,

, manner.

with the lubricatlon 011 and subsequently distilling off the benzol. The resulting lubricating oil com osition will have improved stability and resistance to decomposition at the elevated temperatures at which it is used in automobile and similar internal combus-' tion engines.

In a similar manner, a mineral oil composition such as commonly used for impregnating the paper wrappings of cables may have a similar amount of the same condensation product added thereto in a similar When the resulting composition 1 is used for saturating the paper wrapping of cables, by passing the cable throng saturating bath, the bath will retain high insulating properties for long periods of time. In fact, the bath ,may be increased in its electrical resistivity over inal oil, being in t is respect-radically different from the ordinary saturatingbath which rapidly deteriorates in its electrical resistivity. v

In a similar manner, oils such as are used for transformers, or for electrical switches,

etc., can be similarly treated with a small amount of the condensationproduct.

Among the condensation products ketones with nitrogenous bases-which may be particularly mentioned, are condensation products of'ammonia with acetone. The action of ammonia on acetone results in the formation of'a mixture of acetone amines such as diacetone amine, triacetone amine, etc. 1 -This condensation of ammonia. with acetone can be facilitated by usin a dehydrating a cut such as calcium 0 loride, etc. A suitsfifle method of making the condensation ,product is to introduce ammonia gas into acetone contalmng powdered calcium chloride in suspension until the acetone pleted. The resulting oily is saturated, and then allowing themreaction' mixture .to stand until the reaction is comproduct can be freed from excess acetone and ammonia by h the-hot 1 that of the origdistillation and can be further treated to separate the different acetone amine products or fractions therefromr Instead of using acetone, other ketones can be employed, and instead of using ammonia, certain amines, for example, hydroxyl amine.

The action of the condensation product as a stabilizing agent is somewhat obscure, but apparently it is due to prevention of oxidation at the elevated temperatures to which the'goil compositions are subjected in use, and'particularly where air or oxygen comes into contact with the oil, although the sta .bilizin ingredients'arensed only in small amoun t s, not usually exceeding about 2%, and in some cases being onlya fraction of'a per cent. Nevertheless, they impart improved stability to the oil compositions at elevated temperatures. I 1

I claim:

1. An improved petroleum oil composi-'" tion comprising petroleum, oiLhaving combined therewith a smallamount ot" a condensation product of a ketone with a nitrogenous base.

2. A cable impregnating'oil composition comprising a mineral oil'or grease adapted 'for'use for cable impregnation having combined therewith a small amount of a condensation .product of a ketone with a nitrogenous base.

'3. An improved petroleum voil composition comprising petroleum oil having combined therewith a small amount ofa condensation product of a ketone with ammonia. 4. A cable impregnating'oil composition comprising a mineral oil or grease adapted for use for cableimpregnatiop having combined therewith a small. amount of a condensation product of a ketone with ammonia.

5.'An improved petroleum oil composi- ALBERT a. SOMER ILLE- or cable impregnation having com- 

